This chapter discusses different techniques that can be used
when making arguments to encourage other people to adhere to the ideas. These techniques used to grant adherence are good
reasons, good stories, science, feminist theory, and alternative dispute
resolution. The previous chapter talked
about how to form and analyze an argument, and this chapter focuses on the
strength of an argument and how to get different people to take your side. One similarity I see is being aware of your
situation. For example, if I am talking
to someone who is very fact-based or dedicated to research, I may use more science
and hard numbers or facts to back up my argument. However, if I was trying to convince a
feminist, I may focus on how my argument would impact women or what it would
mean for feminist agendas. Of course,
nobody is one-sided, so many arguments would likely include a mix of all of the
different techniques. While these
techniques are valuable to the person making the argument, I also think it
makes critical thinking more important for the person hearing the
argument. We need to be sure that we aren’t
just hearing a good story and ignoring the facts. Or, if we hear just facts, we need to be sure
that there are good reasons for us to do something with those facts.
Chapter five focuses primarily on identifying and developing propositions for problems that people think are relevant. It goes over 6 steps for choosing a valid proposition based on a perceived “feeling of doubt.” While all six steps may not be necessary, the collectively ensure a well thought out and firm proposition. The six steps include identifying the question, surveying implicated objectives (or understanding what is the goal accomplishment in regard to the question), searching for new information, considering alternative options, considering costs and risks of each potential proposition, and then finally choosing one of the propositions. The authors then go on to talk about analyzing and strengthening the proposition chosen. This includes identification and ranking of the issues that the proposition addresses as well as understanding how the decision makers will react to these issues and propositions. In general, with all these methods of critically analyzing the proposition, ...
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