In chapter 11, the book shifts towards the topic of refutation by fallacy claims, which means when you state someone’s claim is factually wrong. All fallacies talked about in this chapter are important and seen in every argument. I think I witness a fallacy in the arguments I have daily with teammates about sports. After every claim made, someone tries to refute the argument because of false statements made, then the counterclaims tend to find its way into each and every argument. I think the counterclaims are the most important part in this section because it allows you to correct your fallacy in continue to strengthen your argument for your decision makers. In all honesty, rebuttals in general strengthens any argument because it makes you think your argument through. In addition to that, a counterclaim to a fallacy in an argument just strengthens it even more with correcting your fallacy with a new and improved claim with the right facts.
Chapter five focuses primarily on identifying and developing propositions for problems that people think are relevant. It goes over 6 steps for choosing a valid proposition based on a perceived “feeling of doubt.” While all six steps may not be necessary, the collectively ensure a well thought out and firm proposition. The six steps include identifying the question, surveying implicated objectives (or understanding what is the goal accomplishment in regard to the question), searching for new information, considering alternative options, considering costs and risks of each potential proposition, and then finally choosing one of the propositions. The authors then go on to talk about analyzing and strengthening the proposition chosen. This includes identification and ranking of the issues that the proposition addresses as well as understanding how the decision makers will react to these issues and propositions. In general, with all these methods of critically analyzing the proposition, ...
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