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Chapter 8

 Chapter 8 of the text discusses in detail how arguments can be supported by values in addition to evidence etc. The text makes a distinction between the two types of values: stated values and implied values. Stated values are direct the text provides examples of freedom, health, and wealth. These words are a direct statement of the value, therefore they are stated values. The other kind of value is implied values. The textbook defines implied values as: values that are not explicitly stated. The examples of this that the book includes are: equality, science, and self-respect. Values are important to defining arguments and why they are good or bad etc. The text also describes positive and negative values. Values can be either positive or negative and arguments can be made for an idea by either associating it with positive values or against it by associating it with negative values.
I think that the use of values to define arguments is very interesting and looking at our world we can find how values are used in our modern society. If we look at the United States and all sorts of values that influence the ideas and arguments of our people and where those values come from it is very interesting. Our values are defined here in America partially by protestant Christianity. So when many arguments are made you can hear these values in them and you can tell where someone is coming from based on their values. I think that is very interesting to see where the values that people use to justify their arguments come from.

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